India has concluded a large number of Strategic Partnerships (SPs) as a flexible instrument of foreign policy. This paper examines the economic dimension of these partnerships, focusing on trade, investment, resources, technology, and skills and mobility. Drawing on merchandise trade data (2011–2025), FDI and ODI stocks, and institutional mapping of nine long-standing partners—South Africa, France, Germany, Japan, Brazil, Malaysia, the UAE, Australia and the United States—it finds that the relationship between SPs and bilateral trade performance is tenuous.
